Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards Practice Test

What is the primary purpose of implementing network segmentation as per PCI DSS?

1. To increase system performance

2. To simplify network management

3. To protect cardholder data

4. To minimize potential attack vectors

The correct answer is: To protect cardholder data

Implementing network segmentation is primarily focused on protecting cardholder data. By segmenting the network, organizations create isolated segments that limit access to sensitive data only to those systems and personnel that absolutely require it. This practice helps ensure that even if an attacker compromises one part of the network, they do not automatically gain access to the areas where cardholder data is stored or processed. In doing so, network segmentation reduces the scope of compliance requirements under PCI DSS and enhances overall security posture. The protective measures in place within these segregated areas act as barriers, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and thus safeguarding sensitive customer information. This prevents potential breaches and mitigates the impact should a breach occur, making it more challenging for attackers to move laterally within a network to access critical data. While increasing performance and simplifying management are benefits that can accompany segmentation, the foremost goal remains the protection of cardholder data in accordance with the PCI DSS requirements. Minimizing potential attack vectors is a valid consideration, but it is a means to achieve the greater aim of securing sensitive information.